Reviewing+wiki

-First Amendment explanation... Congress can't make any law prohibiting the freedom mentioned in the amendment... and we can tell them about our needs. -Amendment means change to the constitution -2nd Amendment says that people can own a gun. -3rd Amendment says that u don't have to worry about hiding soldiers in our homes unless there's a war. -4th Amendment a police need a warrant to search a preson's house unless this person invites him to get in. -5th Amendment u have the right to incriminate urself. -6th Amendment to be put into jail it needs to b proved beyond the reasonable doubt. -7th Amendment: double jeopardy... a person can not be charged twice for the same crime. -8th amendment: no cruel and unusual punishments however if the torture is saving the "US" at some point it is protected under the second article.

-Can You Say that? Principal's side: The Principal was acting as the press and was exercising the freedom of the press so he as the right to cancel the names and also the article. Student side: The students' rights were violated because their freedom of speech was jeopardized.

Summarizing the 7 article of the constitution... -1st Article: This article says that all legislative powers are held by congress which is composed of a Senate and a House representative. Members of The House Representatives shall be elected every 2 years by electors throughout the states and qualifications is requisited to be an elector. To be a Represetative you need to b at least 25 years old, you need to be an US citizen for at least 7 years and needs to be an inhabitant of the state by which he's elected. Each state should have at least one representative but for the states with many inhabitants they will have one for every thirty thousand people. the executive authority shall issue writs of election in case of vacancies in the representatives of any states. -2nd Article: Articlew for the executive Branch The president, vice-president, cabinet and the Departments ruled by the Cabinet secretaries have to make sure that the laws made by congress are respected. This is an. -3rd Article: Article about the Judicial branch The supreme court decides about the court cas.es according to the Constitution. According to the correct federal, state and local laws the court under the Supreme Court decide criminal and civil court cases. -4th Article: States States can make and carry out their own laws. but laws that take place only in their own dominion. They also can work with other states to fix regioal problems. 5th Article: Amendments The Constitution can be changed. we can add new amendments, but it needs the approval of two-thirds of each house of congress and three-fourth vote of the states. 6th Article: Federal powers The constitution and the federal laws are the head of the Republic, they're higher than the state and local laws. Which means that all laws should agree with the constitution. 7th Article: Ratification It's an article proving that all representatives from all states approved unanimously the constitution.

Chapter 3

-**Mercantilism: economic system that believes that a nation's power depends on it's wealth. Also believing that the rate of the exports of a nation needs to be greater than the rate of his imports.**
 * -Balance of trade: difference in value of the total exports and imports of a Nation during a specific period.**
 * -Navigation Acts: English laws in the 17th – 18th centuries that required the use of English or colonial ships to carry English trade.**
 * -The dominion of New England: A territory comprised of northeastern American colonies, formed in 1686 by King James II.**
 * -Glorious Revolution: The Glorious Revolution was the English people's revolt against the unreasonable demands of an unreasonable King, which was King James II.**
 * -William And Mary: Chartered on February 8, 1693, by King William III and Queen Mary II as the second college in the American colonies.**
 * -English Bill of rights: The English Bill of Rights grew out of the Glorious Revolution of 1688. which King William III and Mary II accepted upon taking the throne. **
 * -Confederation: The Articles of Confederation was the first Cnstitution of the United States and specified how the Federal government was to operate, including adoption of an official name for the new nation, //United States of America//. **
 * -Salutary Neglect: policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws, meant to keep the American Colonies obedient to Great Britain. **
 * -Triangular Trade: The triangular trade was when a ship went of from Europe and went to Africa and the Caribbean with manufacturing goods such as wood and traded it with slaves. **
 * -Middle Passage : the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of people from Africa were taken to the New World. **
 * -Cash Crops: Cash Crops are crops that are used for profit rather than consumption **
 * -Yeoman: a free man holding a small landed estate. **
 * -Olaudah Equiano: one of the most prominent Africans involved in the British movement of the abolition for the slave trade. **
 * -Stono Rebellion: Largest slave uprising in early America. **
 * -Enlightenment: **
 * - ** **Social Contract: implies that the people give up sovereignty to a government or other authority in order to receive or maintain social order through the rule of law.**
 * -John Locke: English philosopher whose ideas formed the foundation of liberal democracy and greatly influenced both the American and French revolutions. **
 * -Great Awakening: Protestant evangelical reaction against formalism and rationalism in religion  **
 * -French and Indian War: war between Great Britain and France in North America.  **
 * -Iroquois League: a group of tribes put it to one, also known as the Five Nations and was organized to end the fighting qmong them.  **
 * -Albany Plan Of Union: a plan written by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 for all 13 colonies to unite and fight as one power to win the French and Indian War. It did not pass, however, because colonial legislators did not want to give up control of their own affairs.  **
 * ﻿-Treaty of Versa illes: Treaty that put an end to the French and Indian War. **
 * -Proclamation of 1763: It was an attempt to prevent colonial tensions with Native Americans by establishing the western boundaries of the 13 coastal colonies.  **


 * ﻿ Chapter 4  **
 * -﻿ Samuel Adams: cousin to John Adams. leader of the American Revolution. unsucessful Bussinessmen.  **
 * - Writs of Assistance: law that give the British Army the right to search the homes of the civilians for smuggled goods. **
 * - Stamp Act: was a direct tax imposed on the every Legal Documents by the British Parliament specifically on the colonies of British-America. ﻿ **
 * - Boston Massacre: also known as the Boston riot, was an incident that led to the deaths of five civilians at the hands of British redcoats. **
 * -﻿ Committees of Correspondence: //__shadow governments__// organized by the Patriot leaders of the Thirteen Colonies on the eve of the American Revolution. **
 * -Intolerable acts or the Coercive Acts: series of laws passed by the British Parliament relating to Britain's colonies in America. The acts triggered the american revolution. **
 * -First Continental Congress: a convention of delegates from twelve of the thirteen colonies, called in response to the passage of the Coercive Acts. **
 * - Townshend Acts: a series of laws passed by the Parliament of Great Britain relating to the British colonies in North America. **
 * - Boston tea party: a direct action by colonists in Boston against the British government. Officials in Boston refused to return three shiploads of taxed tea to Britain, a group of colonists boarded the ships and destroyed the tea by throwing it into Boston harbor. **
 * -Minutemen: Minutemen were a small hand-picked elite force which were required to be highly mobile and able to assemble quickly. **
 * -Quartering act: used by the British forces in theAmerican Colonies to ensure that British soldiers had adequate housing and provisions. **
 * -Quartering act: used by the British forces in theAmerican Colonies to ensure that British soldiers had adequate housing and provisions. **


 * -sugar Act: a tax which imposed the colonist It placed a tax of three cents on sugar that was bought by the American colonists .  **
 * -Lexington And Concord: The Battles of Lexington and Concord were the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War. **
 * - Alarm Riders: they were riders that used to warn the Colonists that the British are coming. **
 * -Patrick Henry: was an orator and politician who led the movement for independence in Virginia in the 1770s. **


 * -Second Continental Congress: a convention of delegates from the 13 colonies soon after warfare in thehad begun soon after warfare in the American Revolutionary war had begun.**
 * -Thomas Jefferson: was the 3rd president of the US and the principal author of the Declaration of the independence.**
 * - Continental Army: was an army formed after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary war by the colonies that became the United States of America.**
 * - Battle Of the Bunker hill: battle that was at the time considered to be an American defeat but has since been lifted to the ranks of a heroic stands against forces of oppression.**
 * - Loyalist: were American who remained loyal to the Kingdom of the Great-Britain during the American Revolutionary War.**

-Articles of the Confederation: the first [|constitution] of the [|United States] and specified how the Federal government was to operate, including adoption of an official name for the new nation, //United States of America//. -Republic: is a state under a government in which the people retain supreme control over the government. -Land Ordinance: was to raise money through the sale of land in the largely unmapped territory west of the original states acquired at the 1783 ([|Treaty of Paris)] after the end of the Revolutionary War. -Northwest Ordinance: creation of the [|Northwest Territory] as the first [|organized territory] of the United States. -Constitution: -Ratify: approve -Amend: to make changes in the constitution. -James Madison: the father of the constitution -Constitutional Convention: to address problems in governing the [|United States of America] -Virginia Plan: Each of the states would be represented in proportion to their “Quotas of contribution, or to the number of free inhabitants.” -New Jersey Plan: This position reflected the belief that the states were independent entities, and, as they entered the United States of America freely and individually, so they remained. Great Compromise: combinig the New Jersey and The Virginia Plan. -Three fifths Compromise: compromise between [|Southern] and [|Northern states] reached during the [|Philadelphia Convention] of 1787 in which three-fifths of the population of [|slaves] would be counted for [|enumeration] purposes regarding both the distribution of taxes and the [|apportionment] of the members of the [|United States House of Representatives]. -Checks and Balances: separation of power. - Shays Rebellion: an [|armed uprising] in [|central] and [|western Massachusetts]. -Federal: a union of states. -Federalist: believed in the right of the people and wanted to set the three powers equal. -Anti federalist: wanted to put one power over another. -Bill of rights: first ten amendments of the constitution. -The Federalist: are a series of [|85 articles] or essays advocating the [|ratification] of the [|United States Constitution]. -Delegated Powers: Expressed powers given to one branch of government by the Constitution -reserved powers: powers that the United States Constitution does not give to the government.
 * -Patriot: those who supported the cause of North American independence in the American Revolution.**
 * -John Adams: was an American statesman, diplomat and political theorist. A leading champion of independence in 1776, he was the 2nd president of the US.**
 * -George Washington as General:**
 * -Thomas Paine: His writing of "Common Sense" was so influential in spurring on the Revolutionary War that John Adams reportedly said, "Without the pen of the author of 'Common Sense,' the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain.”**
 * - Common Sense: //Common Sense// presented the American colonists with an argument for freedom from British rule at a time when the question of independence was still undecided.**
 * - Abigail Adams: Married to John Adams she was an invaluable partner to him as he developed his political career, culminating in the presidency of the United States.**
 * -Virginia Declaration of rights: A document drafted in 1776 to proclaim the inherent rights of men, including the right to rebel against "inadequate" government.**
 * -The Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms was a document issued by the Second Continental Congress on July 6, 1775, to explain why the 13 colonies had taken up arms in what had become the American Revolution War and represents an important development in the political thought that went into the American revolution. **
 * - Olive branch Petition: The Olive Branch Petition was adopted by the Continental Congress in July 1775 in an attempt to avoid a full-blown war with Great Britain.**
 * - Deborah Sampson: was an American woman who impersonated a man in order to serve in the Continental Army during the American Revolution and was the only woman to fight in the Revolution war.**
 * -Battle of Saratoga: conclusively decided the fate of British General John Burgoyne 's army in the American Revolutionary War, and are generally regarded as a turning point in the war. **
 * - Valley Forge: was the site of the military Camp of the American Continental Army over the winter of 1777–1778 in the American Revolutionary War.**
 * -﻿ Continentals:**
 * -R edcoats: British Soldier**
 * -Yorktown: was a decisive victory by a combined assault of American Forces led by General George Washington and French Forces led by the comte de Rochambeau over a British Army commanded by Lieutenant General Lord Cornwallis. **
 * -﻿ General Cornwallis: one of the leading British generals in the American War of independence.**
 * -Legislative Branch: writes laws on a bill. So they can be sent to the senator then to the Representatives and finally to the [|President]. Who can veto or sign it.**
 * -Executive Branch: make sure that the laws are respected.**
 * -Judicial Branch:** is in charge of the three kinds of court.